Peziza L.
-
- Coetzee, J. C. and A. Eicker (1994).
First report of Trichophaea abundans and the teleomorph
of Peziza ostracoderma associated with mushroom cultivation
in South Africa. South African Journal of Botany. 60(2):
132-133.
- Trichophaea abundans (Karst.) Boud., its anamorph Dichobotrys
abundans Hennebert and the teleomorph of Peziza ostracoderma
Korf are reported from South Africa for the first time. Without
a microscopic examination these fungi are not easily distinguished
from a number of other fungal contaminants of mushroom beds and
care should be taken with the identification of these organisms.
Gargas, A. and W. Taylor John (1995). Phylogeny of discomycetes
and early radiations of the apothecial ascomycotina inferred
from SSU rDNA sequence data. Experimental Mycology. 19(1):
7-15.
- We used nucleotide sequences of the
small subunit ribosomal genes (SSU rDNA) to examine evolutionary
relationships of apothecial ascomycetes (division Ascomycota;
class Discomycetes sensu), commonly known as the cup fungi. The
apothecial ascomycetes include both lichen-forming and free-living
fungi. We sequenced the SSU rDNA from representatives of 10 fungal
genera from four orders: Pezizales (Ascobolus lineolatus,
Morchella elata agg., Peziza badia); Leotiales (Leotia
lubrica, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum); Caliciales (Calicium
tricolor, Mycocalicium albonigrum, Sphaerophorus globosus);
and Lecanorales (Lecanora dispersa, Porpidia crustulata).
Of these, C. tricolor, S. globosus, L. dispersa, and P.
crustulata are lichen-forming fungi. Based on parsimony analyses
of approximately 1750 aligned nucleotides of their SSU rDNA,
we determined a most parsimonious tree (MPT). This hypothesis
suggests that the apothecial ascomycetes are a paraphyletic assemblage,
basal to other groups of filamentous ascomycetes including representatives
of the perithecial fungi and cleistothecial fungi. The most parsimonious
tree produced using this dataset supported the monophyly of the
orders Pezizales, Leotiales, and Lecanorales. However, there
was no support for monophyly of the representative Caliciales;
S. globosus had affinities with members of the Lecanorales.
This phylogenetic hypothesis recognizes Pezizales as basal and
supports Nannfeldt's hypothesis (1932) of a primitive apothecial
ascomata with subsequent evolution of perithecial and cleistothecial
forms. This MPT provides a foundation for understanding evolution
of the ascomycetous fungi.
Hansen, K., S. K. Sandal, et al. (1998). New and rare species
of Pezizales from calcareous woodlands in Denmark. Nordic
Journal of Botany. 18(5): 611-626.
- A survey of two Danish calcareous woodlands
has resulted in the discovery of three new morphologically defined
species of Pezizales: Peziza exogelatinosa sp. nov., Peziza
retrocurvata sp. nov. and Marcelleina tuberculispora
sp. nov.; Scabropezia scabrosa is described and reported
as new to Europe. The combination Peziza polaripapulata
comb. nov. is proposed and a detailed description of this taxon
is given. A lectotype is designated for Peziza subcitrina
and this binomial is discussed in relation to Peziza buxea.
Peziza polaripapulata and P. subcitrina are new
to the Nordic countries. Diagnoses and re-descriptions are based
on fresh material. Anatomical features based on ultra-thin sections
and SEM of the spores are presented, as well as ecological data
on each of the species.
Harrington Francis, A. and D. Potter (1997). Phylogenetic
relationships within Sarcoscypha based upon nucleotide
sequences of the internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal
DNA. Mycologia. 89(2): 258-267.
- Nucleotide sequences of the internal
transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (including
the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene and the flanking ITS1 and ITS2 regions)
were used as characters in a phylogenetic analysis of species
of Sarcoscypha. The sequences of the ITS regions for 25
isolates, representing fourteen (nine described and five putative
new) species of Sarcoscypha, and three outgroup species,
Pithya vulgaris, P. cupressina, and Phillipsia domingensis,
were determined in both directions using primers ITS1, ITS2,
ITS3, and ITS4. The complete sequences ranged from 485 to 764
base pairs in length; they were aligned using the program MALIGN.
The sequence of Phillipsia domingensis was highly divergent
from that of the other taxa; the alignment was therefore repeated
excluding that taxon and subsequent phylogenetic analyses included
only the species of Sarcoscypha and one outgroup, Pithya
cupressina. The complete alignment contained 907 base pair
sites; 446 of these were considered ambiguously aligned and were
excluded from phylogenetic analyses. Of the remaining 461 base
pair sites, 91 were variable with 43 potentially informative
characters. Cladistic analysis yielded two equally parsimonious
cladograms with NONA (these corresponded to two fully supported
trees of the eight trees found by Hennig86). In all most parsimonious
trees, two Asian species, S. striatispora and S. vassiljevae,
fell outside of a core group of twelve species which were grouped
in two major clades, each including taxa from North America,
Europe and Asia. One clade included the following species: S.
austriaca, S. coccinea, S. macaronesica, and two putative
new species. This clade was divided into two subclades: one consisted
of S. macaronesica and S. coccinea, while, in the
second, one putative new species from Japan (sp. A) was sister
to a polytomy including the putative new species from Taiwan
(sp. B) and the S. austriaca isolates from Europe and
North America. The other major clade included S. dudleyi
and S. emarginata, whose positions varied among the equally
parsimonious trees, and a subclade in which the second new species
from Japan (sp. D) was sister to a polytomy of S. occidentalis,
an isolate of S. javensis, and two putative new species
(sp. E from China and sp. C from Hawaii). In all cases where
more than one isolate of the same species was included, those
isolates grouped together within each clade, although relationships
among the three isolates of S. austriaca and the one of
S. sp. B were unresolved. A new combination is made for Peziza
emarginata.
Landvik, S., N. Egger Keith, et al. (1997). Towards a subordinal
classification of the Pezizales (Ascomycota): Phylogenetic analyses
of SSU rDNA sequences. Nordic Journal of Botany. 17(4):
403-418.
- Phylogenetic analyses of partial SSU
rDNA sequences from representatives of 36 pezizales associated
genera are presented, including new sequences from 28 species:
Aleuria aurantiaca, Ascodesmis sphaerospora, Boudiera acanthospora,
Caloscypha fulgens, Cheilymenia stercorea, Cookeina sulcipes,
Desmazierella acicola, Geopyxis carbonaria, Hydnotrya tulasnei,
Iodophanus carneus, Microstoma protracta, Otidea leporina, Paurocotylis
pila, Peziza succosa and P. vesiculosa (the type species
of the family Pezizaceae and the order Pezizales), Pyronema
domesticum, Pulvinula archeri, Saccobolus sp., Sarcoscypha
austriaca, Sarcosoma globosum, Sarcosphaera coronaria, Scutellinia
scutellata and S. torrentis, Sphaerosporella brunnea,
Tarzetta catinus, Thelebolus crustaceus, Trichophaea hybrida,
Trichophaeopsis bicuspis, and Wilcoxina mikolae. Two
taxon and character matrices were subjected to maximum parsimony,
maximum likelihood, and neighbor-joining analyses. The first
matrix included 28 taxa and a full character set of 1600 bp,
and the second matrix 37 taxa and a restricted set of 1053 characters.
The analyses using the restricted character set generally yielded
the same topology as the full character set but the resolution
was reduced. Three main evolutionary lineages were detected within
the order: (1) Pezizaceae and Ascobolaceae, (2) Helvellaceae,
Morchellaceae, Tuberaceae, and Caloscypha (Otideaceae), and (3)
Sarcoscyphaceae, Sarcosomataceae, Ascodesmidaceae, Glaziellaceae,
Otideaceae and Pyronemataceae. The inferred subordinal grouping
is compared to extant classification schemes of the Pezizales.
Sarcosomataceae and Sarcoscyphaceae are recognized as separate
monophyletic groups. The analyses did not support recognition
of Pyronemataceae, Ascodesmidaceae, and Glaziellaceae as separate
from the Otideaceae. Thelebolus (Thelebolaceae) clusters with
extra-pezizalean genera and does not belong to the order.
McPartland, J. M. (1995). Cannabis pathogens XII: Lumper's
row. Mycotaxon. 54(0): 273-280.
- The following Cannabis-pathogenic fungi
have been reduced to obligate or facultative taxonomic synonyms:
Macrosporium cannabinum, Stemphylium cannabinum, Thyrospora
cannabis (under Stemphylium botryosum); Sclerotinia
kaufmanniana, Peziza kaufmanniana (under Sclerotinia sclerotiorum);
Pleosphaerulina cannabina (under Leptosphaerulina trifolii),
Gibberella quinqueseptata (under Gibberelia cyanogena),
Heliocomina cannabis (under Pseudocercospora cannabina),
Vermicularia dematium f. cannabis (under Colletotrichum
dematium), Diaporthe tulasnei f. cannabis (under Diaporthe
arctii), Cryptosphaeria acuta (under Leptosphaeria acuta). A
neotypification of Leptosphaeria acuta is proposed herein.
Moravec, J. (1994). Some new taxa and combinations in the
Pezizales. Czech Mycology. 47(4): 261-269.
- Rhodopeziza Hohmeyer and J. Moravec gen nov. is proposed
for Rhodopeziza tuberculata (Gamundi) J. Moravec et Hohmeyer
comb. nov., based on Aleuria tuberculata Gamundi (1975).
Also two other new combinations are made: Sowerbyella phlyctispora
(Lepr. et Mont. in Montagne) Hohmeyer et J. Moravec comb. nov.
based on Peziza phlyctispora Lepr. et Mont. in Montagne,
and Sowerbyella unicisa (Peck) J. Moravec comb. nov.,
based on Peziza unicisa Peck. Diagnosis of the new genus,
descriptions, line drawings, SEM photomicrographs and notes on
taxonomy accompany the paper.
Moravec, J. (1997). Key to the species of Scutellinia
subgen. Geneosperma (Rifai) comb. et stat. nov. (Discomycetes,
Pezizales, Pyronemataceae). Czech Mycology. 50(2): 85-97.
- Geneosperma
Rifai (1968), originally created as a monotypic genus
with the type species Geneosperma geneosporum (Berk.)
Rifai (= Scutellinia geneospora (Berk.) O. Kuntze,
based on Peziza geneospora Berk.), is newly combined here
and given the new status of a subgenus of the genus Scutellinia,
subgen. Geneosperma (Rifai) comb. et stat. nov.. Besides
the type (Korf et Zhuang) comb. nov. (basionym: Geneosperma
laevisporum Korf et Zhuang 1986), and Scutellinia totaranuiensis
J. Moravec (1996). Geneospora was synonymized with Scutellinia
by Korf (1972, 1973) but later re- evaluated as a good genus
again by Korf and Zhuang (1986), and recently recombined by T.
Schumacher (1990) to the rank of section of the genus Scutellinia,
sect. Geneospermae (Rifai) T. Schumacher. The three species have
been studied including the ascospore characteristic by using
SEM photomicrographs. Despite the peculiar nature of their ascospores
well delimiting Geneosperma (the ascospores are embedded
in a hyaline, membranous sheath which surrounds them in the form
of follicles tapering to the apiculi on the ascospore poles),
these three species share all other basic features which characterize
the genus Scutellinia. Therefore, the author keeps the
infrageneric conception of Geneosperma but simultaneously
prefers its subgeneric position proposed here, which better than
its rank of a mere section respects the distinction of the ascospores.
On the epispore of ascospores of S. laevispora (a species
originally described as smooth spored) peculiar pulvinate cyanophilic
tubercles have been observed and verified by SEM. The ascospore
character is discussed. A key to the three so far known species
of the subgenus Geneosperma and illustrations including
SEM of ascospores accompany the paper.
Norman John, E. and N. Egger Keith (1996). Phylogeny of the
genus Plicaria and its relationship to Peziza inferred
from ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. Mycologia. 88(6):
986-995.
- Controversy exists as to whether Plicaria,
which has spherical spores, should be maintained as a separate
genus from Peziza, which has elliptical spores. The objectives
of this study were to determine if Plicaria represented
a phylogenetic grouping of taxa distinct from Peziza,
and to clarify Plicaria species concepts. To determine
phylogenetic relationships, DNA sequences were obtained from
the 5' Internal Transcribed Spacer region, the divergent domains
D1 and D2 of the 28S gene, and a region near the 5' end of the
18S gene of the nuclear-encoded ribosomal DNA. We also examined
ascospore ornamentation using scanning electron microscopy. Analysis
of spore morphology and molecular characters revealed that the
smooth spored Plicaria endocarpoides and the rough-spored
Plicaria trachycarpa, Plicaria carbonaria
and Plicaria acanthodictya could be distinguished. Parsimony
analysis showed that Plicaria forms a monophyletic group.
However, several Peziza taxa that share a number of morphological
characters with Plicaria are closely related. We suggest
that Plicaria be recognized as a separate genus, although
Peziza is paraphyletic if Plicaria is maintained.
Ortega, A. and T. Vizoso Maria (1991). Taxonomic, chorologic,
nomenclatural and phytocenological fragments: Additions to the
mycological catalogue (Pezizales) of Andalusia. Acta Botanica
Malacitana. 16(2): 471-480.
- No Abstract available.
Prokhorov, V. P. (1992). Analysis of geographical distribution
of coprotrophic Discomycetes and of its affiliation with animals.
Mikologiya i Fitopatologiya. 26(6): 471-475.
- No Abstract available.
Ruecker, T. and H. Wittmann (1995). Mycological and lichenological
studies in the natural forest reserve "Kesselfall"
(Salzburg, Austria) as a contribution for the discussion on cryptogamous
plant protection concepts in forest ecosystems. Sydowia Beihefte.
10(0): 168-191.
- Macromycete, lichen and vascular plant
floras were investigated in the natural forest reserve "Kesselfall",
a small deciduous forest area in the inner part of the Kaprun
valley (Salzburg, Austria). A total of 210 macrofungi, 153 lichens
and 120 vascular plants were recorded. The percentage of "Red-List"
species is high (15% for macrofungi and 19% for lichens). Less
than 1% (two species) of the vascular plants observed are threatened.
These results emphasize the importance of macrofungi and lichens
as indicator organisms for forest ecosystems. Fayodia leucophylla,
Lepiota tomentella, Peziza depressa, Pholiota mixta, Sowerbyella
fagicola and Tremella mesenterica var. alba are new
records for Austria, 35 fungal species are recorded for the first
time in the "Land" of Salzburg. Legislative actions
(nature conservation law) and management agreements (private
contracts concluded between public administration and land owners)
for the conservation of macrofungi in general and for the investigated
area in detail are discussed on the basis of the results from
this study. The best way to protect fungi is to establish a network
of natural forest reserves with different types of habitats.
In these conservation areas either no or extensive forest management
is essential. These strategies are the most effective way not
only of reducing the threats to the flora of fungi and lichens,
but also to many other organisms.
Yao, Y. J., B. M. Spooner, et al. (1995). Author citation
of the generic name Peziza (Pezizales, Pezizaceae). Systema
Ascomycetum. 14(1): 17-24.
- The citation of the authority of Peziza
is reviewed with discussion on typification of the genus. The
designation Peziza was first coined by Dillenius before
the starting point of plant and fungus nomenclature. The first
valid publication of the name was by Linnaeus in 1753, but in
a different sense from the modem usage of the name. Several other
authors had used Peziza during 1753 to 1822 to accommodate
a group of fungi agreeing with the current concept of Peziza
with lectotypification by P. vesiculosa, which has been
widely agreed by contemporary mycologists. It is concluded that
Peziza Fr. is the correct name to be applied. It is also
confirmed that Peziza L. should be regarded as a synonym
of Cyathus Pers. As Peziza Fr. was sanctioned by
Fries and Cyathus by Persoon, there is no need for a proposal
for conservation or rejection based on the current International
Code of Botanical Nomenclature.
-
- Under construction.
